高等教育机会不均与高中入学决策的城乡差异

Inequality in Tertiary Education,Decision to Enroll in Senior High School,and Rural-Urban Divide

城乡高中入学行为的差异在较大程度上反映了城乡教育的不公平性。这种不公平既表现在城乡基础教育投入和基础教育质量方面,也表现在高考招生制度造成的接受高等教育的城乡不公平性。这将导致城乡高中入学选择的差异性。基于住户调查数据,本文讨论了农村高中低入学率以及高中入学率城乡差异的影响因素。基于对城乡高中入学决策行为的研究,本文认为尽管外出打工机会增加所导致的机会成本上升降低了农村的高中入学率,但高中入学率的城乡差异主要来源于城乡高中毕业生接受高等教育机会的差异性。高等教育机会的城乡差异可以解释城乡高中入学率差异的一半。农村高中毕业生接受高等教育的机会远远低于城市,降低了农村高中入学的预期收益,导致大部分农村学生不愿意继续上高中。

Based on household survey,the paper explores the effect of unequal chances in tertiary education which generated from the difference in enrollment in senior high school between urban and rural students. The paper discusses the determinants of low senior high school attainment for rural students using empirical data. We find that the higher university enrollment almost explained half of the proportional difference in senior high school enrollment between urban and rural society.