义务教育均衡发展国内研究评述

A Review of Domestic Research on the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education

国内学者围绕义务教育均衡发展的内涵、评价指标、均衡度的测量及促进均衡发展的措施等开展了大量研究。对这些研究进行梳理发现,已有的多数研究简单将义务教育均衡内涵等同于资源配置均衡,并以此界定来选择评价指标对义务教育非均衡发展进行测度和提出政策建议。本文认为,资源配置均衡不等于教育结果均衡,已有研究是有缺陷的。今后的研究应将义务教育均衡发展含义明确界定为义务教育结果均衡,弄清教育资源与教育结果间的关系,寻找达到一定教育结果的最优资源配置组合,并运用多种方法估算达到一定教育结果所需的教育成本。在此基础上,构建"需求导向"的义务教育均衡发展的财政保障政策。

Domestic scholars have carried out a lot of research on the connotation and evaluation index of balanced development of compulsory education,measurement of equilibrium degree and measures to promote balanced development. By sorting out these studies,we find that most of them simply regard the balanced compulsory education as the balanced allocation of resources. On this basis,many scholars choose the evaluation index to measure equilibrium degree of balanced development of compulsory education and put forward policy suggestions. This paper argues that the balanced allocation of resources is not equal to balanced education results or quality,and the existing research is flawed. Future research should define the balanced development of compulsory education as balanced education results or quality clearly. At the same time,we should clarify the relationship between education resources and education results. Then,seek the optimal allocation of resources to achieve certain education results and use a variety of methods to estimate the cost of education. On this basis,we can build financial security policy of 'demand- oriented'balanced development of compulsory education.