中国农村居民教育公平的实证研究——基于1988—2012年教育基尼系数的测算与分解

The Empirical Study of Rural Resident Educational Equity in China——Based on Gini Coefficients of Education from 1988 to 2012

本文基于教育基尼系数的计算以及区域分解,利用1988—2012年全国31省(自治区、直辖市)农村居民受教育年限的数据,测算和分析了我国农村居民教育省内及省际教育公平水平及变动趋势,并从收入差异、教育投入意愿和公共教育资源三个方面对农村居民教育省际基尼系数进行分解,探寻演变特征的成因。研究发现,农村居民教育省内及省际公平水平均在合理范围内,省际公平水平由区际差异决定,提高农村居民收入水平、增强教育投入意愿及均衡公共教育资源是提高农村居民教育公平的有效途径。

This paper measured and analyzed the level and trend of the rural education equity in province and between provinces,and decomposed the provincial Gini coefficient in three areas of income gap,investment in education willingness and public education resources,based on the method of education Gini coefficient and dismantling,using the data in 31 provinces of rural residents in 2012—1988.The research shows that the education equity in province and between provinces are within a reasonable range,the level of the education fair between provinces is determined by the regional differences,raise rural income levels,enhance investment in education and balance the willingness to public education resources are effective ways to improve the equity of rural education.