“后罗德里格兹时代”基础教育财政公平的实践演化——基于美国的判例解析

The Practical Evolvement of Fiscal Equality in the Basic Education after “Rodriguez Times”:Based on the Analysis of Cases in the United States

美国罗德里格兹案所具有的标志性意义在于,强调教育完全是州的责任,与联邦政府无关,由此改变了美国基础教育财政诉讼的走向。"后罗德里格兹时代"美国基础教育财政公平的实践演化路径由注重投入到产出、投入与产出的综合再到自由择校,聚焦点也从宏观的州层面到微观的学校层面。本文以判例为研究对象,解析自罗德里格兹案以来一些有代表性的案件,分析美国基础教育财政公平的实践演化进程,以及在财政拨款体制、财政使用方式和教育选择权利的落实等方面对我国的启示。

The significance of Rodriguez's case is that it emphasizes education is a state affair and has nothing to do with the federal government,which also changed the direction of the US basic education financial litigation.The practical evolvement of fiscal equality in the basic education after'Rodriguez Times'focus on input,output,input and output synthesis,and then the free school choice.The focal point from the macro state level to the microscopic school level.In this paper,the cases of Rodríguez have been analyzed,and the process of financial equity in American basic education has also been analyzed,and then the path of financial fairness of basic education in China has been discussed.