城镇居民教育公平感的经验分析

An Empirical Study on Fairness Perception of Education System

本文基于我国五省份的家庭住户微观调查数据研究居民教育公平感的影响因素。本文考察了教育公平感的四个维度:高考招生制度公平感、高中招生制度公平感、义务教育阶段分区招生制度公平感和教育收费制度公平感。结果发现,性别、单位性质、小孩成绩、家庭教育支出以及教育支出中奖助学金和勤工俭学收入所占比重都会不同程度地影响教育公平感。此外,教育公平感不只取决于个体对教育系统的感知,还取决于对社会其他方面的感知,特别地,关于收入分配的公平感对教育公平感有显著的正向影响。这说明教育公平感受到收入分配等其他社会特征的影响。此外,教育费用的分摊机制会通过影响居民对社会收入分配的公平感知来改善人们对教育收费制度的公平感。

Based on household survey data of five provinces in urban China,we empirically study fairness perceptions of education system.The fairness perception of education system is characterized by four dimensions,such as the fairness perception aboutcollege admission,high school and compulsory schooling admission,as well as educational expenditure.We find that the fairness perception of education system in urban China depend on several individual characteristics,education performance of their children,education expenditure on kids' education and fairness perceptions of income inequality.Specifically,individual sex,job characteristics,child grade,family expenditure,and the percentage of scholarship and assistance in the total expenditure play important roles in shaping citizens' fairness perceptions of education system.In addition,the fairness perception of education not only depends on the individual factors and factors within education system,but also depends on citizen's fairness perception of income inequality.It suggests that the improvement of fairness perceptions of education needs cooperation among different aspects of the society other than the education system per se.We also find that,increasing scholarship of students could indirectly enhance fairness perceptions of education through the channel of fairness perception of income distribution.