地方政府人力资本竞争与省属高校跨省招生策略

Local Government Competition on Human Capital and the Enrollment Strategy of Provincial Universities

人力资本竞争是地方政府竞争的重要方面。本文在学生和劳动力可自由流动的背景下,构建了地方政府通过省属高校招生名额分配以最大化本地经济总产出的理论模型,并证明:经济发达省份采取地方保护,而经济欠发达省份向经济发达省份进行招生是理性策略。利用2008—2013年我国省属高校招生数据的分析发现,虽然省属高校跨省招生在表象上具有"扶贫"性质,招生名额流向是从经济强省到经济弱省,然而,在加入"支援中西部地区招生协作计划"的政策变量矫正后的OLS模型,以及面板数据的固定效应模型均证实:地方政府的行为逻辑仍符合个体理性策略。这说明:发达地区跨省招生规模扩大的原因更多来源于中央政策干预,而非本身意愿。研究同时发现:"支援中西部地区招生协作计划"在改善了公平的同时,对受援省份接受的跨省招生名额带来了"挤出效应"。本研究最后提出了通过配套措施改进中央政府调控激励地方高校自主自愿维护地区招生公平的思路。

Human capital competition is an important aspect of local government competition.Under the background of free mobility of students and labor,we construct the theoretical model that local government maximize the economic product though the allocation of provincial university enrollment quota. It is the rational strategy that the developed provinces choose to take local protectionism strategy while the undeveloped provinces choose to recruit students from the developed provinces. Utilizing the enrollment data from 2008—2013, the results shows that although the provincial universities enrollment quota allocation has a "Pro poor "properties in appearance,the logic of local government behavior is still in conformity with individual rational strategy logic under the fixed effect model and the OLS regression model in which the"Midwestern Enrollment Program " variable is controlled. The results indicates that the reason why the developed provinces put large enrollment quota into the Midwest provinces is mainly from the central government policy intervention rather than their wishes. The result also shows that in the accompany with the equity achievement, the "Midwestern Enrollment Program " could bring crowd-out effect on the enrollment quota acquirement of Midwestern provinces. At last,the policy recommendations are put forward.