中西部民族地区农民工返乡创业质量及其影响因素——基于三峡区域调查数据的分析

Employment Quality of Returned Migrant Worker and its Determinants in Ethnic Areas of Central and Western Region:Based on Three Gorges Region in China

基于2016年的问卷调查数据,本文对三峡区域农民工返乡创业问题进行了实证研究。统计分析显示,农民工返乡创业者以中青年、已婚者为主,农民工返乡创业选择与家庭小孩数量有关,返乡创业者学历以中等教育为主,汉族籍农民工返乡创业者教育分布呈现倒"U"型,少数民族籍返乡创业者则表现为近似"N"型;少数民族籍返乡创业者受家乡地创业政策激励明显,住宿和餐饮、批发和零售、绿色生态农业是农民工返乡创业主要领域;汉族、少数民族籍返乡创业者日工作时间较长;农民工返乡创业带动2人就业,女性农民工返乡创业者月收入为男性收入的78.95%。计量研究表明,民族、婚姻、工作经历、创业年限、亲朋创业、创业规模、创业技能、绿色农业行业、创业政策等是影响中西部民族地区农民工返乡创业质量的重要变量。加大返乡创业政策创新,分类诱导,有序实施区域创业教育、职业教育与技能培训协同变革,积极提升返乡农民工人力资本水平有助于推动更高质量的返乡创业。

Using the survey data in 2016,this article researched the entrepreneurial situation of returned migrant workers in ethnic areas of central and western region in China. It's found that the ethnic group, marital status, work experience, entrepreneurial experience, relatives entrepreneurship,business scale,entrepreneurial skills,entrepreneurial industry,entrepreneurial policy are the main influence factors for returned-migrant-workers' employment quality.Implementing the characteristic and personalized returned entrepreneurial policy and increasing the reforms of entrepreneurship education,vocational education and skills training could help more returned migrant workers achieve higher quality of entrepreneurship efficiently in ethnic areas of central and western region in China.