教育、教育扩展与性别工资差异——一个文献综述

Education,Educational Expansion and Gender Wage Differential:A Literature Review

目前,女性无论是在就业参与还是在工资收入方面均落后于男性,而教育是对工资收入有重要影响的因素,在缩小性别工资差异过程中发挥重要作用。本文综述了国内外大量的相关经济学研究文献,这些文献较为一致地发现:教育、教育扩展对女性的影响要高于男性,并且提升女性的受教育水平有利于缩小性别工资差异。此外,教育资源的大量持续增加为女性提供了更多的机会,从而使教育领域的性别平等成为现实,由此极大推进了工资收入方面的性别平等进程。与此同时,教育扩展也加剧了学历竞争,如何避免出现"学历贬值"、"过度教育"等现象是未来研究的一个方向。

At present,women are lagging behind men in terms of employment participation and wage income,and education is an important factor influencing wage income and plays an important role in narrowing gender wage differentials. This paper reviews a large number of relevant domestic and foreign economic research literature. These documents are more consistent to find that the impact of education expansion on women is higher than that of men,and raising the educational level of women is conducive to narrowing the gender wage differential. The vast majority of empirical studies have shown that a large number of continuing increases in educational resources provide women with more opportunities to make gender equality in the field of education a reality,thus greatly promoting the process of gender equality in wage income. At the same time,education expansion also exacerbated the academic competition.