地方财政能力如何影响学校布局

How Local Fiscal Capacity Affect the Spatial Distribution of School?

本文通过构建一个地方财政能力如何影响地方土地开发和公共教育资源供给的空间布局模型,发现因地方财政能力不足而需要为土地投资并提高来自土地的财政收入激励下,提升土地投资征税率将降低公共教育资源配置的空间覆盖范围。本文进一步收集地方土地出让结果公告数据,匹配县级财政经济数据后回归发现,财政能力越强的地方,越能够将其公共教育基础设施建设项目布局到偏远地区,也即项目位置距县域中心的标准距离越远,这对幼儿园和小学的布点尤为显著。工具变量回归结果也证实了财政能力与标准距离的这一因果关系。进一步的回归还发现,地方政府投资土地提升土地出让价格,有助于提升地方政府的财政能力。

In this paper,we build a model with local government being a land developer to investigate the relationship between local land development and public education provisionacross space,and we find that inadequate of local fiscal capacity will cause local government chase to a higher land revenue,therefore the spatial coverage of public education resources will be reduced due to a higher tax rate on land investment.Furthermore,we use a county level data matched with a unique land results announcement to testify the hypothesis.The empirical evidences show that the stronger the fiscal capacity,the higher capacity the government to providepublic education infrastructure projects to cover remote areas,which proxied by standardized distance from project location to center of the county),with kindergarten and primary school positioning particularly remarkable.The regression results of instrumental variables also confirm the causal relationship from fiscal capacity ability to spatial distribution of public education.Furthermore,the regression results also show that investing in land to raise land pricewill help to improve fiscal capacity of local government.