中国义务教育资源配置效率再评价——基于随机前沿生产函数与空间计量经济学的实证研究

Re-evaluation of Resource Allocation Efficiency of Compulsory Education in China:An Empirical Study Based on Stochastic Frontier Production

本文利用我国2002—2015年的省级面板数据,构建转型发展时期义务教育投入-产出指标,采用随机前沿生产函数与空间计量经济学的实证研究方法,从"财力""人力"与"物力"的视角评价了我国义务教育资源配置的效率。结果发现:(1)生均教育经费支出和用于教学活动的计算机数抑制了义务教育资源配置的产出效率,但专任教师数的增长却有利于优化资源配置的产出效率。(2)样本期内义务教育资源配置的技术效率呈现出逐年递减的状态,反映了实际产出与最优可能产出的不断偏离,但现阶段的义务教育投入模式有利于推进义务教育的区域均衡发展。(3)全域莫兰指数、吉尔里指数C以及Getis-Ord指数G显示出义务教育投入在全域范围内存在着较强的空间自相关性,并且在局域分布上亦体现出了一定的非均衡分布状态。空间趋同效应放大了生均教育经费支出与计算机数对相邻省份空间配置效率的抑制作用,而专任教师数则通过空间竞争效应驱动相邻省份空间配置效率的提升。在此基础上本文进一步讨论了新时代义务教育更有质量的发展中公平与效率的辩证关系。

Based on provincial panel data from 2002 to 2015in China,Construction of input output index of compulsory education in the period of transformation and development,Using stochastic frontier production function and spatial econometrics,This paper evaluatesthe efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation in China from the perspective of'financial resources','human resources'and'material resources'.It was supported that:(1)The output efficiency of the allocation of compulsory education resources is restrained by the expenditure per student and the number of computers used for teaching activities,while the growth of full-time teachers is conducive to optimizing the output efficiency of resource allocation.(2)The technical efficiency of the allocation of compulsory education resources in the sample period is decreasing year by year,which reflects the deviation between the actual output and the best possible output,while the current mode of investment in compulsory education shows that it is conducive to promoting the balanced development of compulsory education in the region.(3)The Moran’s I,Geary’s,Getis & Ord’s G show that compulsory education investment has strong spatial autocorrelation in the whole world,while the local distribution shows non-balanced distribution.Spatial convergence enlarges the inhibiting effect of per-student educational expenditure as well as computer number on spatial allocation efficiency in adjacent provinces.On this basis,this paper further discusses the new era,the new era of the quality of compulsory education development in the dialectical relationship between fairness and efficiency.