我国义务教育课外补习:现状与趋势

Supplementary Tutoring for Compulsory Education Students in China: Status and Trends

基于北京大学中国社会科学调查中心执行的中国家庭追踪调查2010、2012、2014、2016四次追踪调查数据(CFPS),研究我国义务教育学生参与课外补习现状和发展趋势。研究发现:我国义务教育学生参加课外补习的比例和支出逐年上升,不过在2016年有所下降。社会经济地位较高、学校质量较高、学习成绩较好的学生课外补习参与率和补习支出较高。东北三省和东部沿海地区的学生课外补习参与率和补习支出较高。为了落实'减负'政策和促进教育机会分配平等,政府应继续加大对校外培训机构的监管,为家庭社会经济背景较差且成绩落后的学生提供课外补习费用补助,引导高中尤其是优质高中增加面向农村和社会经济背景较差家庭的招生名额。

Using data from the China Family Panel Study(CFPS)conducted by the Peking University Institute of Social Science Survey in 2010,2012,2014,and 2016,this paper explores the current status of,and developmental trends affecting,the participation in supplementary tutoring by compulsory education students in China.We found that the proportion of compulsory education students participating in supplementary tutoring(and the expenditure on such tutoring)increased annually before declining in 2016.Students with higher socioeconomic status,higher school quality,and better academic performance have a higher tutoring participation rate and also spend more on tutoring.Students in China’s three northeastern provinces and eastern coastal areas have higher participation rates in tutoring and higher tutoring expenditures.In order to implement the'burden reduction'policy and promote the equal distribution of educational opportunities,the government should continue to increase its supervision of non-school-based training organizations,provide tutoring subsidies for students with lower socioeconomic backgrounds and academic performance,and encourage high schools-especially higher-quality high schools-to increase enrollment quotas for students from rural areas and with lower socioeconomic backgrounds.