急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后自我管理能力调查及影响因素分析

Influencing factors of self-management ability after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction

目的调查急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后自我管理能力现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法,抽取2017年3-12月在本院第一医学中心心血管内科病房住院的82例急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、自我护理能力测定量表、广泛性焦虑量表和患者健康问题抑郁量表进行问卷调查,通过多元线性回归分析探讨患者自我管理能力的影响因素。结果参与调查的82例患者中男性73例(89.02%),女性9例(10.98%),平均年龄(54.68±10.21)岁;急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后自我护理能力的总分为(112.84±19.75)分;文化程度(β=0.189,P=0.044)、合并疾病情况(β=-0.243,P=0.013)、服药种类(β=0.307,P=0.002)和抑郁(β=-0.283,P=0.003)是影响患者自我管理能力的主要因素。结论急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后整体的自我管理水平较高;患者的文化程度越高、合并疾病数越少、服药种类越多、抑郁症状越轻,自我管理能力越强。

Objective To describe the status of self-management ability of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From March to December in 2017, 82 patients with AMI were selected from cardiology department through convenience sampling, and then they were investigated with general information questionnaire, the exercise of self-care agency scale(ESCA), generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale(GAD-7),and patient health questionnaire 9-item scale(PHQ-9). The influencing factors of self-management ability of AMI patients were analyzed through multiple linear regression. Results A total of 73(89.02%) males and 9(10.98%) females participated in the survey with an average age of(54.68±10.21) years old. The total score of self-care agency scale was(112.84±19.75). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level(β=0.189, P=0.044), combined diseases(β=-0.243, P=0.013), types of medicine used(β=0.307, P=0.002) and depression(β=-0.283, P=0.003) were the main influencing factors of patients’ self-management ability. Conclusion The level of self-management ability in patients with AMI after PCI is high. Patients with higher education level,fewer combined diseases, more types of medicine used and better mental state have higher self-management ability.