工作嵌入理论视角下独立教师形成的归因及启示

The Attribution and Enlightenment of the Formation of Independent Teachers from the Perspective of Job Embedding Theory

独立教师是指离开公立学校,以互联网为平台从事教育教学活动的教师,独立教师的兴起是教育领域的新现象。工作嵌入理论揭示了独立教师形成的内在机理:在组织匹配层面,教师个人的专业进取意向与组织环境的匹配性差;组织联结方面,教师的个人主义文化强而同侪的人际联结性弱;组织牺牲层面,独立教师的预期收入和价值获得感高。三种因素的共同作用降低了教师对原有工作的嵌入。对公立学校而言,为了避免优质师资流失,应更关注教师专业发展愿景,增强教师的组织匹配;培植教师合作文化,促进教师与组织的联结;合理设计薪酬福利,增大教师离任的组织牺牲。

independent teachers are those who leave public schools and use the Internet as a platform for educational and teaching activities.The formation of independent teachers is a new phenomenon in the field of education.The theoretical perspective of job embedding can reveal the internal mechanism of independent teacher formation:From the aspect of fit-organization,conflict between professional enterprising intention and organizational environment.From the aspect of links-organization,The weak link characteristic of the relationship between peer and peer under the culture of isolationist teachers;From the aspect of sacrifice-organization,Expected future revenue can compensate for possible losses.The three factors reduce the teacher’s job embedding.An attribution analysis of the formation of independent teachers from the embedded perspective has implications for the preservation of high-quality teachers in public schools.In order to avoid the loss of high-quality teachers,public schools should pay attention to the vision of teachers’professional development and enhance the fit-organization of teachers,Cultivating teachers’cooperative culture and promoting the links-organization of teachers,Reasonable design of salary and welfare,increasing the sacrifice-organization of teachers when they leave office.