基于“职能—区位”两维视角的西南地区山地小城镇发展分类研究

Classification of Developing Types of Mountainous Small Towns in Southwest China——A “Function-Location” Integration Perspective

传统的小城镇分类主要从单一维度出发,难以从不同视角准确把脉小城镇发展定位与发展模式,从而难以针对这一地区不同类型的小城镇提出切实可行的建设与发展的提升路径。本文从职能和区位两个维度对小城镇的发展类型进行了划分,从职能视角可划分为市场贸易型、工业带动型等6类;从区位视角可划分为城市圈范畴内(近郊)小城镇等3类。基于此构建了'职能—区位'两维视角的小城镇发展类型划分体系,包含'城市圈范畴内(近郊)—市场贸易型''卫星—资源驱动型''边远—外向带动型'等15种类型。然后在西南地区各省市选取了32个样本镇,通过实地考察调研,深入分析其区位特征、资源禀赋与发展模式,从'职能—区位'两维视角对样本小城镇的发展类型进行了划分,并对部分典型的小城镇发展类型结合样本镇的实践进行了探析。研究成果为针对不同类型的西南地区山地小城镇提出行之有效的路径与建议提供了重要前提,为提升这一地区山地小城镇的可持续建设水平奠定了坚实基础。

Traditional classifications of township types are proposed overwhelmingly from single perspective,which make it difficult to precisely understand the township developing orientations as well as modes,and inaccessible to design the improving approaches for different types of small towns in this area.This study classifies the developing types of mountainous townships in Southwest China from the perspectives of function and location respectively.Then this research proposes the classification system of township development from'function-location'integration perspective,including fifteen types like'suburb-marketing trade township','satellite-resource driving township'and'remote-external driving township'.Based on the classification system,this study selects thirty-two sample towns in Southwest China and analyzes their location characteristics,self-borne resources and developing modes by conducting on-site surveys.These sample towns are further classified according to the'function-location'integration perspective,some typical township types are discussed combining with the practice of specific sample towns.The findings of this study provide important reference to approaches and policy instruments for different types of mountainous towns in Southwest China,and improve the sustainable construction levels of small towns in this area.