大学生英语听说训练中“沉浸体验”的发生机制及应用

The Occurrence Mechanism and Application of “Flow Experience” in Training College Students' English Listening and Speaking

传统英语听说训练要求学生投入大量的意识力量来获得"专注",违背了"沉浸体验"的发生机制,英语听说需要的是不费力的专注。激活"沉浸体验"可促使学生通向听说活动的自动性和自发性,让个体和目的合二为一,避免分神和自我评判的发生。在英语听说训练中,时间压力是最普遍、最常见的压力源,"沉浸体验"理论有助于将阻碍性焦虑转变为促进性焦虑,提高学生的学习效率。英语教师应保障听说训练的目标梯度和学生技能水平匹配,建立学生投入任务的自向性动机,形成同步反馈机制,以非等量输入技巧促使学生认知思维的时间压力良性化。

The traditional training of English listening and speaking requires students to invest a lot of conscious power to get'concentration',which goes against the occurrence mechanism of flow experience.English listening and speaking requires effortless concentration.Activating'flow experience'can promote students’automaticity and spontaneity in listening and speaking activities and make the individual and the goal united,avoiding distraction and selfevaluation.In training English listening and speaking,time stress is the most common source of stress and the theory of flow in physical fitness helps transform obstructive anxiety into facilitative anxiety so as to improve students’learning efficiency.Therefore,English teachers should ensure that the target gradient of training English listening and speaking can match with the level of students’skills,and establish students’self-directed motivation to engage in tasks and promote the benignization of their cognitive thinking in time pressure with non-equal input skills by forming a synchronous feedback mechanism.