中法战争前冯子材中越边境“清匪”的作用评析

The Role of Feng Zicai in Bandit Suppression along the Sino-Vietnamese Frontier before the Sino-French War

19世纪70年代,世界资本主义争夺的重点逐渐转向亚洲,法国等列强觊觎越南和中国。越南此时内乱频发,农民起义和土匪暴乱交织在一起,严重危及越南的封建统治,也危及中国边境的安全。中越两国历史上形成的朝贡关系,决定了冯子材的'清剿'行动既要运用军事策略,也要遵守当时的外交原则。传统落后的中越交往体系制约了冯子材的手脚,持续不断的'匪患'动摇了中越两国封建统治的根基,触发了19世纪下半叶的边疆危机。

Since the 1870 s,Asia became a main arena for colonial competition.Western powers such as France pretended to Vietnam and China.Meanwhile,Vietnam was in chaos.Peasant uprising and riot interwove together,becoming a serious threat to the stability of Vietnam,as well as to the security of China’s frontier.Because of the long-lasting tributary relationship between China and Vietnam,Feng Zicai had to adopt a dual strategy to suppress the bandits.On one hand,he had to use military strategy,on the other hand,he had also to follow diplomatic principles.This traditional pattern of Sino-Vietnamese relations restricted Feng Zicai’s action.The problem of bandit undermined the rule both in China and Vietnam,resulted in a crisis on the frontier in the second half of the nineteenth century.