美国批判教育学的伦理之维

An Ethical Perspective of America's Critical Pedagogy

批判教育学之批判既是一种关系性的分析方法,即将教育与对国家和社会的理解联系起来,以及与对这些关系的抗争联系起来,也是一种否定性的激进的态度倾向和言行风格,同时它还是一种自我反思和自我澄明。批判教育学之批判作为一种关怀伦理,主要体现在民主自由的价值追求、基于受压迫者的立场以及回归教育生活等方面。基于民主左派立场的批判教育学之批判虽然有其理论和实践价值,但其价值是有限的:其实践观有深层缺陷,并不是马克思主义的批判的、革命的实践观。作为一种教育学,因其始终局限于知识的社会建构观,致力于意识形态的揭露与批判而走向偏颇。正因为如此,在移植这种批判性的话语时,应以历史唯物主义、辩证唯物主义为指导,这样,教育批判才更加理性与有效。

The criticism of critical pedagogy is a kind of relational thinking,which relates education with both the understanding of the nation and society and the resistance to the connections between education and the country or society;also,it means a radical attitude and a self-reflection.As a kind of ethics of care,it seeks democracy and freedom,a position for disadvantaged people,and the return to the educational life.Taking the position of left-wing democrats,it is of theoretical and practical value,but its concept of practice has defects in that it is not Marxist,critical or revolutionary.As a kind of pedagogy,it adheres to the concept of socially constructed knowledge,and the revelation and criticism of ideology.Therefore,in our introduction of this critical pedagogy,we are supposed to follow historical materialism and dialectical materialism so as to make our criticism of education more rational and effective.