生源地信用助学贷款风险补偿金机制再探

Re-exploration of the Mechanism for the Risk Compensation Fund for Students' Origin-Based Loans

生源地信用助学贷款是实现家庭经济困难学生"入学前不用愁"的主要手段,也是保障"不让一个学生因家庭经济困难而失学"的重要举措,更是助力脱贫攻坚、阻断贫困代际传递的有效方式。然而,目前以国家政策扶植和行政助推为主动力的生源地信用助学贷款存在一定缺陷,一方面不能充分适应新时代财政全面实施绩效管理进而优化国家资源配置以推进国家治理现代化要求,另一方面不能充分调动参与各方的积极性以推动此项工作的可持续发展。生源地信用助学贷款作为一个金融服务,应基于金融市场的特征进行系统内部调整,即应侧重于对风险补偿金的调整。通过对风险补偿金启动节点、结构设计的调整,可以依据各个地区内贷款学生不同的潜在风险和风险发生的不同阶段进行风险补偿金的阶段性征收;通过对各个高校风险补偿金分摊的设置,可以更有效地发挥风险补偿金对于贷款学生潜在违约抑制的杠杆作用。

Started in 2007 in China,students’origin-based loans(SOBL)effectively supplement the national student loans system because of their wide coverage,large amounts of money,and high efficiency.As a result,SOBL have rapidly become a major means to assist students with financial difficulties in their admission to college,and an effective way to push forward poverty alleviation and avoid trans-generational poverty.However,driven by the national policy and administrative means,SOBL have their defects:They can neither adapt to the financial performance management,which helps optimize national resource allocation and push forward the modernization of national governance,nor stimulate stakeholders to take an active part in SOBL to promote their sustainable development.Therefore,SOBL should,based on the features of the financial market,adjust the inside of the system by changing the start-up capital and the structure of the risk compensation fund.The risk compensation fund can be collected by instalments based on students’potential risks and their phases in different areas;also,colleges and universities are supposed to share the risk compensation fund with their students to potentially bind those students in breach of the contract.