寄宿教育与儿童发展——来自贫困地区137所农村寄宿制学校的经验证据

Boarding Education and Children’s Development:Evidence from 137 Rural Boarding Schools

寄宿制学校是农村义务教育的重要载体。利用贫困地区农村137所寄宿制学校三期追踪调查数据的实证研究发现,贫困农村地区的寄宿制教育形式并不利于农村儿童的人力资本形成与积累,寄宿儿童的认知能力和非认知能力较之非寄宿儿童均处于不利地位。寄宿教育对农村儿童发展的负面冲击存在'精英俘获'现象,表现为寄宿对男孩、家庭经济水平和母亲受教育程度较高以及经济发展水平相对较好地区农村儿童的负面影响更大。现行的扩大义务教育投入、改善农村师资力量等政策能够在一定程度上缓解寄宿带来的不利影响,但不能完全破解农村寄宿制学校'寄而难育'的现实困境。

Boarding schools are an important carrier of compulsory education in rural areas of China.According to the data from a three-period follow-up survey of 137 boarding schools in poverty-stricken rural areas,boarding education in these areas is not conducive to the development and accumulation of rural children’s human capital,and boarding children’s cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are at a disadvantage compared with non-boarding children’s.Moreover,'elite capture'exists in boarding education,and boarding shows a more negative impact on rural boys,as well as rural children whose families have a relatively high financial status,whose mothers received good education,and whose living areas have better economic conditions.The current policies,such as increasing investment in education,and improving the development of the rural teaching force,can to a certain extent mitigate the negative effect of boarding,but cannot completely solve the actual dilemma of rural boarding schools.