不同强度耐力训练后模拟急进高原自主神经相关生化指标与急性高原反应之间的关系研究

Relationships Beteween Biochemical Indices and AMS on Simulated Exposure to High Altitude After Endurance Training of Different Intensities

目的探讨不同强度耐力训练后模拟急进高原自主神经相关生化指标与急性高原反应(AMS)之间关系。方法选择43名经8周不同强度耐力训练后的新兵,其中现行训练组15名,有氧耐力组15名,无氧耐力组13名。在低压氧舱模拟急进高原4500 m 24 h。在进舱24 h时,检测血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(EPI)、肾素活性(PRA)及神经肽Y(NPY),并与训练8周末进行对比,记录AMS评分。结果 (1)模拟急进4500 m高原24 h 3组血浆NE浓度均较训练8周末下降,有氧、无氧耐力组下降幅度小于现行训练组(P<0.05);现行训练组、有氧耐力组血浆EPI浓度较训练8周末增加(P<0.01)。(2)模拟急进4500 m高原24 h现行训练组、无氧耐力组PRA均较训练8周末下降,且现行训练组下降幅度大于有氧、无氧耐力组(P<0.01)。(3)3组训练8周末和模拟急进高原24 h血浆NPY浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)AMS症状评分与训练8周末NE、PRA、NPY浓度及模拟急进高原前后NE、PRA变化幅度均呈正相关(P<0.05)。(5)AMS发病率为100%,现行训练组AMS症状评分高于无氧耐力组(P<0.05);3组症状自评量表(SCL-90)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但现行训练组、有氧耐力组AMS与SCL-90评分存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论现行训练组和有氧耐力组ANS功能在模拟高原1 d内受抑制程度较重,不利于机体对高原环境中的急性适应;而无氧耐力训练ANS功能受抑制较轻,在急进高原环境应激时具有良好适应性。

Objective To explore the relationship between biochemical indices in the blood of the autonomic nervous system( ANS) and acute mountain sickness( AMS) on simulated exposure to high altitude after endurance training of different intensities.Methods A total of 43 trained recruits were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4500 m for 8 weeks,15 of whom were in current military drill group,15 in aerobic endurance group,and 13 in anaerobic endurance group.Plasma norepinephrine( NE),epinephrin( EPI),plasma renin activity( PRA),neuropeptide Y( NPY) were measured at the end of exposure in a hypobaric chamber( 4500 m,24 h). Their AMS symptoms were scored. Results( 1) Plasma NE concentration decreased significantly in the three groups 24 h after acute exposure to a simulated altitude of 4500 m( P<0.05),especially in the current military drill group( P<0.05) while plasma EPI concentration in the current military drill group and aerobic endurance group increased significantly( P<0.01).( 2) PRA of the current military drill group and anaerobic endurance group decreased significantly( P<0.01),especially in current military drill group( P < 0. 01).( 3) There was no statistically significant difference in NPY between the three groups after 8-week training and at a simulated altitude of 4500 m for 24 h( P>0.05).( 4) The symptom score of AMS was positively related to plasma concentration of NE,PRA and NPY 8 weeks after training and to the change of NE and PRA before and after exposure( P<0.05).( 5) The morbidity of AMS was 100%,and the symptom score of current military drill group was higher than that in anaerobic endurance group( P< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in SCL-90 between the three groups( P>0. 05). A significant positive correlation was found between AMS scores and SCL-90 scores in current military drill group and aerobic endurance group( P<0.05).Conclusion Functions of ANS are severely suppressed on the first day of current military drill and aerobic endurance training,which hinders acclimatization to acute exposure to high altitude. However,anaerobic endurance training can sustain the ANS function stabilization and enchance its ability of regulation,which is conducive to adaptation to acute exposure to high altitude.