421名新兵心理健康状况及其影响因素

Mental Health Status and Related Factors among 421 Recruits

目的评估某部新兵的心理健康状况及其与相关因素的关系,为新兵心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)、应对方式问卷(Coping Style Questionnaire,CSQ)、状态-特质量表(StateTrait Anxiety Inventory,STAI)、自尊量表(Self-Esteem Scale,SES)对2013年首次夏秋季入伍421名新兵进行团体测定。结果独生子女新兵躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他因子及总分高于非独生子女新兵(P<0.05);来自城市的新兵躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、其他因子及总分高于来自农村的新兵(P<0.05);SCL-90低分组在解决问题、求助、自尊方面得分高于高分组,在自责、幻想、退避、合理化、状态焦虑、特质焦虑方面得分低于高分组(P<0.01);新兵SCL-90总分及各因子与解决问题、求助、自尊呈负相关,与自责、幻想、退避、合理化、状态焦虑、特质焦虑呈正相关(P<0.01);逐步回归分析表明影响心理健康状况的因素大小依次是状态焦虑、自责、幻想、特质焦虑、合理化。结论非独生子女和来自农村的新兵心理健康状况相对较好,不同心理健康状况新兵之间在应对方式、状态-特质焦虑、自尊方面有差别,新兵心理健康状况受应对方式、状态-特质焦虑的影响。

Objective To quantitatively assess the mental health status of recruits and to analyze the related factors in order to provide a theoretical basis for mental health education.Methods Symptom Checklist 90( SCL-90),Coping Style Questionnaire( CSQ),State-Trait Anxiety Inventory( STAI) and Self-Esteem Scale( SES) were used to test the mental state of 421 recruits enlisted between the summer and autumn of 2013. Results Compared with recruits with siblings,recruits without siblings had higher scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsivedisorder,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid,psychotic,and total score of SCL-90( P< 0.05). Urban recruits had higher scores of somatization,depression,anxiety,and total score of SCL-90 than rural ones( P<0.05). The scores of problem-solving,resorting and self-esteem in recruits with a lower SCL-90 score were higher than those in recruits with a higher SCL-90,but the scores of self-blame,fantasy,avoidance,rationalization,anxiety state,trait anxiety were all lower( P<0.01). The total scores of SCL-90 and factors were negatively correlated with problem-solving,resorting and self-esteem,but were positively correlated with self-blaming,fantasy,avoidance,rationalization,anxiety state and trait anxiety( P<0.01). Anxiety state had the biggest effect on the total score of SCL-90,followed by self-blame,fantasy,trait anxiety,and rationalization. Conclusion Recruits with siblings or from rural areas have a higher level of mental health. There is statistically significant difference in CSQ,STAI and SES between recruits of different mental health status. Coping style and state-trait anxiety have a direct effect on mental health of recruits.