基于社区尺度的中部大城市流动人口空间分布特征研究——以武汉市为例

A STUDY ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOATING POPULATION IN LARGE CENTRAL CITIES BASED ON COMMUNITY SCALE: A CASE STUDY OF WUHAN

我国大城市经济社会发展水平的不断提升吸引了越来越多的流动人口,流动人口的规模化聚集和特殊化需求对城市空间的细化管理和建设提出了新的要求。我国已有微观层面的流动人口研究大部分以街道为分析单元,在空间上仍显粗放,缺乏深入、细致的流动人口空间需求研究。因此,本文以武汉市2015年的社区尺度流动人口为研究对象,基于GIS技术,直观展现流动人口的现状空间分布特征及差异。研究表明:武汉市省外流动人口规模较小,集聚区域有限,虽教育程度普遍较高,但留居意愿不强;省内流动人口规模较大,分布区域广泛,留居意愿较强但教育程度偏低,职业选择有限,分布区域以小商品市场周边社区、老城大型居住区、城中村、廉租房社区为主;两类流动人口的居住环境和聚居偏好差异化明显,应在城市各功能区的建设和管理过程中给予针对性规划及设计。

The continuous improvement of the economic and social development level of large cities in China has attracted more and more floating population, and the large-scale agglomeration and specialized demand of floating population have put forward new requirements for the detailed management and construction of urban space. Taking the street as the unit of analysis, most existing studies on floating population at the micro-level in China are still extensive in space and lack in-depth and detailed research on the spatial needs of floating population. Therefore, taking the community-scale floating population in Wuhan in 2015 as the research object, this paper provides an intuitive presentation of current spatial distribution characteristics and differences of floating population based on the GIS technology. The study shows that the inter-provincial floating population in Wuhan has a small scale and a limited agglomeration area, and although they are generally well educated, their willingness to stay permanently is not strong;the inner-provincial floating population is large in scale and widely distributed in communities adjacent to small commodity markets, large old residential areas, urban villages, and low-rent housing communities, and their willingness to stay permanently is relatively strong, but with relatively low education degree, their occupational choices are limited;the living environment and habitation preference of the two types of floating population are obviously different, and thus, targeted planning and design should be provided in the process of the construction and management of urban functional areas.