对自立生活援助型居家养老改造的探索:以日本研究成果为借鉴

STUDY OF OLD-AGE ORIENTED HOUSING REFORM FOR HOME BASED SELF-RELIANT LIVING: LEARNING FROM JAPANESE RESEARCHES AND EXPERIENCES

当前我国已进入长寿型社会,延长老人的健康寿命期减轻对社会保障体系的压力是进入长寿型社会各国共同的课题。在以居家养老为主流养老模式的大环境下,改善居住环境,帮助老人实现自立生活是保证老人生活质量的有效手段。日本从20世纪80年代开始研究住宅适老化,积累了丰富的经验。本文首先参考日本在住宅适老化改造方面的研究成果和案例,总结出日本适老化改造的理念、内容和技术特点;其次基于日本对老人生理特征和心理特点的研究,明确日常生活自立对确保老人生活质量的重要性;最后提出以预防为主线的渐进式适老化改造理念和改造内容,并通过自检表的形式明确了具体改造技术要点。

At present, China has entered a longevity society. It is now a common topic for all countries to extend healthy life for elders and reducing challenges to Social Security System. Today in-home care is considered as the mainstream of old-age care, keep improving residence environment to help old-age to achieve self-reliance is the most effective means of ensuring quality of elder’s life. From 1980’s Japan has started to study how to adapt housing for old-age, and accumulated a lot of experience. Firstly, this paper referred successful cases and research result of Japanese housing reforming for old-age and summarized the visions, contents and technology specialties of Japanese housing reforming for old-age;Secondly, based on Japanese research on physiological and psychological characteristics of old-age, clarified the importance of being self-reliance for securing life quality of old-age;At last, concluded the suggestions of preventive and progressive old-age housing reform concept and by mean of self-check list clarified the major technical perspectives of old-age housing reform.