铁岭市公合村小学可变化校舍设计研究

DESIGNS AND RESEARCHES ON CHANGEABLE SCHOOL BUILDINGS OF GONGHE VILLAGE PRIMARY SCHOOL IN TIELING CITY

新型城镇化背景下城乡布局发生了新的变化,农村人口流动不断加剧。目前,辽宁地区农村小学在校生源减少以及生源回流现象严重,生源处于不稳定状态。本文以辽宁省铁岭市公合村小学校舍为例,归纳现状校舍建筑存在的问题以及未来可能的发展需求,提出乡村小学"可变化校舍"设计的构想和设计原则。文章总结根据场地资源条件选择合适的结构体系和可变化方式,再从乡村小学校舍的功能转变和空间转变两个角度进行可变化研究,其中功能可变化研究主要从单体功能和组合功能两个方面进行论述,为校舍的可变化功能提供更多实用性。希望通过本文的乡村小学校舍可变化设计研究,为今后农村小学校舍的设计提供可以应对生源动态变化以及其他条件变化的应对思路。

In line with the new-type urbanization,the layout of cities and towns has emerged new changes,with growingly intensive flows of rural population.At present,the decreasing number of student sources in rural primary schools in Liaoning Province and serious phenomenon of student source return have made the student sources in an unstable state.Taking the school buildings in Gonghe Village Primary School,Tieling City,Liaoning Province as the cases,the paper summarizes the problems existing in current school buildings and the potential development needs in the future.It puts forward the concepts and design principles of 'changeable school buildings' of rural primary schools.In addition,the paper sums up how to select suitable structural systems and changeable ways according to the site resource conditions.Further,it conducts variable researches from two perspectives of function transformation and space transformation in rural primary school buildings,among which,the variable researches on function transformation is mainly discussed from its single functions and combined functions,thus providing more practicability for the functional variations of school buildings.It is hoped that through the studies on the changeable designs of rural primary school buildings,the paper could provide the designs of rural primary school buildings with several ideas able to cope with dynamic changes of student sources and other conditions in the future.