基于区块链技术的碳金融市场发展模式初探

Preliminary Study on the Development Model of Carbon Financial Market Based on Blockchain Technology

近几年,我国碳金融市场发展虽势头强劲,但面临标准不统一、产品种类单一、主体信息不对称、法律制度与体系不完善等问题;与此同时,区块链技术作为一种去中心化分布式底层互联网技术在各领域应用初露头角,不仅可用于传统金融领域,区块链技术也以其去中心化、开放透明、可信度高和具有可编程的智能合约等特点与新型碳金融市场的发展特点契合,目前也已引起政府部门、金融结构、碳排放企业等的高度重视和广泛关注。本文通过介绍区块链技术的基本原理、特点,并与现阶段碳金融市场的发展现状相结合,从区块链与碳权交易的理论兼容性——两者兼具开放、透明、共享信息的特点,和区块链可解决碳金融的技术兼容性两个角度入手,重点以区块链技术特点解决碳金融现阶段的问题为主,提出了区块链技术下碳金融交易的过程框架,最后,对区块链技术在碳金融模式中适应的挑战进行了分析和总结。

In recent years, although the development of China’s carbon finance market is strong, it still faces problems such as inconsistent standards among markets, single product categories, asymmetric subject information, imperfect legal systems and so on. At the same time, blockchain technology as a decentering application of distributed underlying Internet technology has emerged in many fields——not only in the traditional financial field, but also in new carbon finance area, thanks to its features such as decentralized, open and transparent, highly credible and programmable smart contracts. Therefore, it has also attracted great and extensive attention from government departments, financial structures, and carbon emission enterprises.This paper introduces the basic principles and characteristics of blockchain technology, and combines with the current development status of carbon financial market. Then combing double factors together to discuss campatibility. From the first angle, the theoretical compatibility of blockchain and carbon rights trading-both open, transparent, and shared information, and the second one, which is blockchain can solve the technical compatibility of carbon finance. Futhermore, by focusing on the problem of the current stage of carbon finance which blockchain technology can targetly solve, this paper proposes the process framework of carbon financial transaction based on blockchain technology. Finally, the challenges of adapting blockchain technology in the carbon finance model are analyzed and summarized.