源于文献数据库的公共建筑室内空气污染特征分析及健康风险评价

Pollutants Characteristics Analysis and Occupant Chronical Health Effects Evaluation Based an Indoor Air Pollutant Database for Public Buildings in China

目前我国公共建筑总面积已超100亿m^2,公建室内空气污染对人体健康的影响尚未引起公众足够的重视。检索2006-2016年我国公共建筑室内空气污染调研学术论文72篇,汇编包含超过30个城市16类公共建筑共13种室内空气污染物的浓度检测浓度的数据库。基于数据库,采用伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)损失值定量评价污染物长期暴露下对人体健康的影响。结果表明,商场超市、宾馆、娱乐场所等场所装修污染严重,甲醛、PM_(2.5)是最主要污染物。综合分析DALYs损失值,建材和家具超市甲醛最大DALYs损失值为417.57/(a·10万人);娱乐场所、宾馆、交通站点等场所PM_(2.5)浓度高,对人体造成总死亡率的DALYs损失值达1 000/(a·10万人);在商场超市、宾馆、娱乐场所和交通站点等4类典型场所中氨对人体健康的危害程度次于甲醛和PM_(2.5),高于苯系物。

At present,the total area of public buildings in China has exceeded 10 billion m2.However,overwhelming consequences of air pollution in public indoor environments have not triggered public awareness widely.In this paper,72 papers,which published from 2006 to 2016,were summarized on public air pollution in China,and a database of 13 kinds of indoor air pollutants was compiled,including 16 types of public buildings among more than 30 cities.Two methods to calculate disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)lost were adopted to evaluate the chronical effects of indoor pollutants on human health quantitatively.The results showed that,pollutants emitted by interior decoration materials greatly affect indoor air quality in markets,hotels and entertainment places,while formaldehyde and PM2.5 are the most important pollutants.Considering the results of DALYs lost,formaldehyde can potentially pose the greater chronical harm to human health for people who works in materials and furniture markets,the DALYs lost reaches 417.57 per year per 100,000 persons.While in entertainment places,hotels,and stations,the largest contribution to human mortality is probably made by inhaling high concentrations of PM2.5,the DALYs lost exceed 1 000 per year per 100,000 persons.Ammonia is less harmful to human health than formaldehyde and PM2.5,but can be more harmful than BTEX.