硅藻土/泥炭藓复合调湿材料温湿度调节效果研究

Effect of Diatomite/Sphagnum Composite Humidity-Controlling Materials on Temperature and Humidity Control

通过试验研究了硅藻土/泥炭藓复合调湿材料的制备及其强度、耐水性和调湿性能,选择较优配比的调湿材料进行密闭状态和与外界有换气条件下的小室温湿度调节效果研究,根据扫描电镜分析及材料的吸附/解吸理论研究材料调节机理。研究表明,综合考虑材料强度、耐水性和调湿性能,合理的泥炭藓用量宜为5%～13%,此时材料的抗压强度、软化系数和调湿性能均较好。密闭状态下,喷涂厚度为0.5 mm和1 mm的硅藻土/泥炭藓调湿材料小室的单位空间最大吸湿量为1.48 g/m^3和2.21 g/m^3,最大放湿量为1.88 g/m^3和3.27 g/m^3;与外界有换气条件下,随着预留缝隙增大,材料对小室内湿度调节效果逐渐减弱,但对温度仍有一定调节作用。硅藻土和泥炭藓的毛细孔道效应、表面物理吸附和化学吸附,加之泥炭藓强持水性,两者共同作用使硅藻土/泥炭藓复合调湿材料具有优异的调湿调温效果。

The preparation,strength,water resistance and humidity-controlling properties of diatomite/sphagnum composite humidity-controlling materials were studied experimentally.The effect of humidity-controlling materials with optimal mixture ratio on regulating the room temperature and humidity under the condition of airtight and ventilation was researched,and the modified mechanism and humidity-controlling mechanism were studied according to the scanning electron microscope analysis and the adsorption/desorption theory of materials.The results show that the reasonable content of sphagnum is 5%~13%considering the strength,water resistance and humidity-controlling properties of the materials,in which the 60 d compressive strength of the materials is greater than 6 MPa,the softening coefficient is 0.56~0.76,the maximum equilibrium moisture content is 18.69%~24.89%,and the maximum moisture absorption and desorption rates are 0.055 2 kg/(kg·d)~0.071 7 kg/(kg·d)and 0.041 7 kg/(kg·d)~0.052 2 kg/(kg·d).Under the airtight condition,the maximum moisture absorption amounts of diatomite/sphagnum humidity-controlling materials with spraying thickness of 0.5 mm and 1 mm were 1.48 g/m^3 and 2.21 g/m^3,and the maximum moisture desorption amounts in unit space were 1.88 g/m^3 and 3.27 g/m^3.Under the condition of ventilation,the effect of humidity-controlling materials in the room is gradually weakened with the increase of the reserved gap,however,it still has certain controlling effect on the temperature.The combined action of diatomite and sphagnum,including capillary pore effect,surface physical adsorption and chemical adsorption and the strong water holding capacity of sphagnum,makes the composite humidity-controlling materials of diatomite/sphagnum have excellent humidity and temperature control effect.