寒冷地区建筑双层光伏外窗的采光与节能特性研究

Study on the Daylighting and Energy-saving Performance of Double-fa■ade Photovoltaic Window in Cold Regions of China

本文针对寒冷地区双层光伏外窗建筑,采用Daysim和EnergyPlus软件耦合模拟研究了光伏电池覆盖率、安装朝向以及窗墙比等关键设计参数对建筑室内采光质量和综合能耗的影响。首先,对典型气象条件下双层光伏外窗建筑室内工作面水平照度值进行了实测,并采用实验数据验证了Daysim软件采光模拟模型的可靠性;其次,结合常见采光评价参数对眩光问题考虑的不足,提出了N-Daylit区域室内面积占比指标以评价室内天然采光质量;在此基础上,从改善室内采光质量和降低建筑综合能耗的角度出发,对双层光伏外窗的光伏电池覆盖率、朝向及窗墙比等关键设计参数进行了优化研究。结果显示,当双层光伏外窗建筑应用于北方寒冷地区办公建筑时,采用南向或者东南向安装、40%的光伏电池覆盖率和30%的建筑窗墙比,可以在保证良好采光质量的前提下最大化外窗的节能潜力。

The present study investigated the influence of several key design parameters,including the Photovoltaic cell coverage ratio and the orientation and the window to wall ratio,on the daylighting and energy-saving performance of buildings located in cold regions of China and installed with double-skin Photovoltaic facades(STPV),for which a comprehensive simulation method coupled with the software of Daysim and EnergyPlus was applied.Firstly,the daylighting simulation model in Daysim was experimentally validated;Secondly,a novel daylight model named'the ratio of N-Daylit area'was proposed to evaluate the dynamic daylighting variations of the space,with the consideration of glare phenomena;On such basis,the three design parameters of STPV were optimized.The simulation results indicated that when installing the STPV in buildings located at cold regions of China,it was recommended to adopt south or southeast directions of installation with a PV cell coverage ratio of 40%and a Window-to-Wall ratio of 30%,in order to realize satisfactory daylighting quality and energy performance simultaneously.