基于实测数据的夏热冬冷地区低密度住宅近零能耗技术实践研究

A Practical Study on the Nearly Zero Energy Technology System for Low-density Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas Based on Measured Data

国内外对近零能耗建筑的研究十分广泛,然而,大多数研究都聚焦在理论和模拟方面,近零能耗建筑实际的运行性能研究不足。本文通过中国上海地区的低密度住宅建筑实例研究,基于气候特征及建筑热工参数,模拟了不同保温厚度下的单位面积冷热负荷,实测了建筑围护结构改造前的气密性、建筑外墙传热系数,综合考虑技术应用的适应性及经济性,提出了外墙围护结构采用5 cm保温措施及采用2.0 W/(m^2·K)节能窗的技术方案。本文对改造前后建筑总能耗、空调能耗、能耗指标、室内环境、可再生能源替代率及节能技术经济性等方面进行综合分析。实测结果显示,通过对建筑外墙、屋顶保温和门窗的改造,建筑全年空调采暖能耗明显下降,节能量为4 710.9 kW·h,节能率为46%。本研究得出了该地区低密度建筑实测能耗指标,为夏热冬冷地区近零能耗技术实践应用及该类建筑能耗指标的制定提供依据。

There are many researches on nearly zero energy buildings at home and abroad.However,most of them focus on theories and simulations.In this article,through the case study on low-density residential buildings in Shanghai,China,a simulation of cold and hot load per unit area under different insulation thickness is carried out based on the climate characteristics and thermal parameters of the buildings along with the measurement of air tightness and external wall heat transfer coefficient prior to the building palisade structure transformation.Considering the adaptability of technology application and economy,building envelope structure using 5 cm wall thermal insulation measures are put forward with the use of 2.0 W/(m^2·K)energy-saving windows.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the total energy consumption,air conditioning energy consumption,energy consumption index,indoor environment,renewable energy replacement rate and energy saving technology economy of buildings before and after the reconstruction.The measured results show that through the transformation of the exterior wall,roof insulation and windows of the buildings,the annual energy consumption of its air conditioning heating is significantly reduced,with energy saving of 4 710.9 kW·h and energy saving rate of 46%.In this study,the measured energy consumption index of low-density buildings in this area is obtained,which provides a basis for the practical application of nearly zero energy consumption technology in hot summer and cold winter areas and the formulation of such building energy consumption indexes.