福州华林寺大殿大木结构实测数据解读

本文选取存在两次测绘成果、经历了一次落架迁建的福州华林寺大殿为研究对象,开展了以三维激光扫描方法为主的补测工作。通过综合考察三次测绘的原始数据、确定数据校正方法,本文针对多种可能性进行分析,并提出以下假说:①存在不同于《营造法式》规定的斗拱材分°规律,基本度量以0.6寸为1分°,足材广26分°,总出跳120分°;②营造尺长289毫米,接近唐大尺下限,平面面阔明间22尺半、次间16尺,进深架道从撩檐方起依次为7.2尺、6.6尺、6尺;③下昂斜度以平出20分°、抬高9分°为准;④屋架设计不反映《营造法式》举折制度,而更倾向于精确到尺寸或材分°的举屋方法,借用晚期建筑举架术语大致呈现四五、五、五五举的关系;⑤屋架总高与柱高精确相等,斗栱为其半。

The article focuses on supplementary surveying the main hall of Hualin Temple in Fuzhou with help of the 3D laser scanning method,based on previous 2 sets of measurements and records of relocation of the building.By analyses and revises of the three sets of measurements and the analyses of possibility of original proportioning,the article put forward the hypothesis that:(1)The module and sub-unit of dougong bracket is different from Yingzao Fashi,the basic measurement is based on 0.6 cun for each unit,while the height of each layer of bracket have 26 sub-units,and the bracket cantilever is 120 sub-units totally;(2)The construction ruler is 289mm long which is near the floor level of construction ruler in tang dynasty,the dimension of plan on eave-pillar level from west to east is 22.5chi in the middle and 16chi on the both side.The depths between purlins on the plan at column-top level start from the square-eave-purlin are respectively 7.2chi,6.6chi,6chi;(3)the pitch of Ang is decided by a right-angled triangle with a horizontal side of 20 sub-units and a vertical side of 9 sub-units;(4)The design methods of the roof pitch does not reflect the method stipulated in Yingzao Fashi,but reflects more of the methods based on ideal integers with cun or module and sub-unit.By later architectural terms they could be described as four and a half ju(tangent description),five ju,five and a half ju;(5)The height from round-eave-purlin to the ridge-purlin is equal to the high of eave-pillar exactly,and the height of dougong is half of that size.