“苏城好,城里半园亭”——乾隆《姑苏城图》中园林用地规模及分布研究

明清苏州古城内的园林无论在营造数目还是艺术水平上都达到了历史最高峰。根据魏嘉瓒《苏州古典园林史》统计,清代苏州府城内及临近城边的园林总数约有100处,诚如康熙朝进士沈朝初诗中所言:'苏城好,城里半园亭。'刻绘于乾隆十年(1745年)的《姑苏城图》是继《平江图》之后又一次对苏州城市面貌的详细描绘。图中以文字形式标注有耕地、园地百余处,池塘数十座,对苏州古城内园林用地的研究具有重要意义。本论文尝试通过粗略研究图中园林用地的规模及分布情况,来管窥清中前期苏州古城内园林建设概况及其对于苏州古城的影响。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the gardens of Suzhou have reached a historical peak in the number and artistic level.According to Wei Jia zan’s book"History of Classical Gardens of Suzhou",there are a total of around 100 gardens in and near the city of Suzhou in Qing Dynasty,like the poem which was written in the Kangxi period saying:"Suzhou pleasant,semi-city garden."Following the"Pingjiang map",Qianlong"Suzhou map"drawn in early Qing Dynasty is a map which gives us a description of the city look in detail.The map marks more than hundred land and gardens,and also dozens of ponds,so this map is very meaningful.For the study of Suzhou gardens,this paper attempts to study the size and distribution of Suzhou gardens,aimed to discover the effects that gardens construction activities had on the city in early Qing Dynasty.