山西陵川北马村玉皇庙大殿之七铺作斗栱

Study on the Seven-puzuo Dougong Bracket in the Temple of Yuhuang in Beima Village,Lingchuan County,Shanxi Province

本文通过利用三维激光扫描技术、手工测量技术对山西陵川北马村玉皇庙大殿进行的精细测绘,分析得出其中与前檐七铺作斗栱密切相关的原始设计方法:1)确定前檐采用最富装饰性的七铺作单杪三下昂斗栱,耍头也做昂形;后檐则略作四铺作;2)前后檐立柱因而不同高;屋架采用对称的架道,立柱进深相应地参照前后斗栱出跳内移;丈尺分别为2丈9尺和2丈3尺5寸;3)前檐斗栱中下昂斜度按照平出11抬高4之比例,利用此斜度的相应比例关系与取整方法,单杪三下昂构造度量可以在出跳、昂广、斗栱高度计算中均基本满足简单近似整数关系。

Based upin 3D laser scanning and manual measurements,the article focus on analytical works from repetitive measurements of identical components to architectural proportion,and concluded the original design mainly covered the following points:application of decorative seven-puzuo Dougong brackets at the front fa ade,and simplified Dougong to the rear part of the building;the column heights of the front and the rear differ,i.e.29 chi and 23.5 chi,and subsequently the depth of eaves varies;the application of 4:11 ratio to decide the angle of slanting cantilever,ang,in Dougong bracket,which enables simplified proportioning of relative construction such as cantilever dimension,the height of ang and the total height of Dougong.