仿木构:中国文化的特征——中国仿木构现象与西方仿石构(头)现象的对比浅谈

中国传统建筑用石材模仿木材,而在欧洲,木材被用于模仿石材——这是历史上一个奇特的现象。本文采用一种新颖的方式,在西方建筑历史与理论的语境下探讨中国的'仿木构(模仿木材的构造模式)'理念,并着重强调结构与装饰的二元对立。通过与西方似石(而非石)仿作——'仿石构(模仿石材的构造模式)'与'仿石头(模仿石材的质地肌理)'——的比较研究,本文明确了这一中国现象的基本特征,并将仿作定位为东西方两种文化环境中有力的符号。文章继而检视了文献古籍是如何促使'copying'等模糊概念转变为受到文化关注的切实的对象,并将建筑仿作确定为一种有效的工具以弥合两种文化环境中广泛存在的、建筑理论与日常建造实践之间的分歧。

It is a historical irony that whereas in Europe,wood was used to imitate stone.in China,stone was used to imitate wood.This paper takes a fresh approach and discusses the Chinese notion of wimitating the mode of building with wood"(fangmugou)in the context of Western architectural history and theory,wiih special emphasis on ihc dichotomy of structure versus decoration.Through comparative analysis with European stone-like mimicry,fangshigou("imitating the mode of building with stone")and fangshitou(Mimitating the material texture of a stone block"),the paper identifies defining characteristics of the Chinese phenomenon and confirms the value of minlicry as a powerful symbol for each cultural context.The paper then examines the role of literature in transforming a nebulous concept such as"copying"into a tangible object of cultural attention,and establishes architectural irnitation as an effective tool even without recognition within a learned society to bridge the gap between architectural theory and daily building practice prevalent in both cultures.