南宋以降地方志中的“形胜”与城市的选址评价:以永州地区为例

在中国古代很早已有'形胜'的概念,作为在自然山水环境中城市选址的笼统评价,至南宋,'形胜/形势'逐渐成为地方志中的固定体例,在明清更产生出相对固定的表述类型和格式语汇。地方志中的'形胜/形势'篇记录了当时人们对城市选址的思考与评价,其中所体现的基本原则和理想模式也正是指导城市选址实践的重要理论。本文通过梳理方志中'形胜/形势'篇目在内容和格式上的变化来考察这一概念的形成与固定;并通过明清时期永州地区诸府县城选址的实际特点考察当时'形胜/形势'理念对人居环境选址的重要影响。

The concept of"XingSheng"has formed since ancient times in China as a general evaluation of the city site selecting from natural environment.It became a fixed part of chorography until Southern Song Dynasty,and has its own representation structures and vocabularies in Ming and Qing Dynasties.These parts recorded the planners’understanding about the natural environment and how they select the city site,from which we can find the principles and ideal mode of their city site selecting practice.The article firstly reviewed the generation and transformation of"XingSheng"in chorography from Song to Ming and Qing Dynasties.secondly studied on the city site selecting practice in Yongzhou area in Ming-Qing period to explain the relationship between the"XingSheng"description in chorography and the actual city site selecting and evaluation.