日中寺院建筑彩色意匠与施工技术的关联性——关于东亚彩画纹样誊写技法的传播及其发展的考察

日本古建筑的彩色装饰技术是在传入日本的中国大陆彩色装饰技术的基础上发展起来的。本文首先对日本建筑彩画的历史发展作一概要性叙述,其后就将彩画图案或纹样誊写到建筑构件上的誊写技法对中日两国的历史变迁作一比较。此外,日本的'置上彩色'①与中国的沥粉(贴金)彩画虽然有相似的外观,然而在使用的沥粉材料及誊写技法上都存在很大差异。本文将针对誊写技法的差异进行考察。

The coloring techniques used to decorate Japanese architecture had their basis in the polychrome painting of architectural members(caihua)introduced from the Chinese mainland in the late sixth century but then underwent a long development within Japan itself.In this study,after introducing the historical evolution of architectural coloring in Japan,the techniques used for transferring colored motifs and designs onto the surfaces of architectural elements will be examined.The evolution of these techniques in China and Japan will be compared.Also examined are the special techniques of building up a colored motif with plaster in Japan(known as okiagesaishiki in Japanese)and in China(li fen caihua;known as rekifuntenkinsaiga in Japanese).These appear similar when viewed externally,but the materials used and the methods of transcription onto architecture differ in each country.The factors accounting for these differences will be considered.