北宋邛州龙兴寺罗汉殿复原研究

Restoration Research for Luohan Hall at Longxing Temple in Qiongzhou

邛州龙兴寺是唐宋两代邛州的重要寺院,可能毁于南宋末年。经过数次考古发掘,邛州龙兴寺的建筑遗址得以充分揭露。本文选取了平面遗址保存较好的罗汉殿,尝试进行较为深入的科学复原。本文根据罗汉殿的磉墩遗址,推测了罗汉殿的平面柱网尺寸,进而推测建筑的营造用尺,并在此基础上,将罗汉殿的建筑年代推断为北宋晚期。本文还参考了北宋木构建筑实例,以及《营造法式》的做法,对罗汉殿的斗拱形制与材等、柱高与柱径、屋架剖面等木构做法进行分析探讨。在木构复原的基础上,本文还结合考古发掘出土的瓦石建筑构件,对罗汉殿的石作与瓦作,如柱础、台阶、瓦当、滴水、鸱尾等瓦石作进行复原分析。最后,本文绘制得出北宋邛州龙兴寺罗汉殿的平立剖复原图。

Longxingsi,which was probably destroyed in the late Southern Song dynasty,was one of the most important Buddhist temples in Qiongzhou during the Tang and Song periods.Several archaeological excavations have revealed the original architectural site.This paper proposes a possible reconstruction model for Luohan Hall,one of the better-preserved relics.Based on the survey data,the author makes some conjectures about the column grid of the hall and the carpenter’s construction ruler.According to existing Northern-Song examples and the official manual Yingzao fashi,the greater carpentry of the hall is analyzed,for example,the dougong grade,the height and diameter of the column,and the section of the roof.In addition,the stone and tile work such as column bases,stairs,eave tiles,drip tiles,and owl’s-tail-shaped roof ornaments are discussed.The paper concludes with the elevation and sectional drawings for the hypothetical restoration of the hall.