平遥镇国寺天王殿外檐斗栱彩画历史信息解读

Archaeological Study of Decorative Polychrome Painting on Exterior Dougong from Tianwang Hall at Zhenguo in Pingyao

平遥镇国寺创自五代北汉年间,寺内天王殿现存建筑始建于明,后历经明清多次修缮。外檐彩画限于保存状况,仅余零星残迹,原貌已不可辨,但从橑风榑的贴金痕迹可知,天王殿外檐原先曾有较高等级的彩画装饰。为了解外檐斗栱的装饰原貌和营缮过程,在现存彩画的零星残迹中采集样品,通过剖面显微分析、偏光显微分析和SEM等科技检测手段,结合历史文献、古代颜料史和地方彩画相关研究成果,可从天王殿外檐斗栱彩画残迹中解读出诸多历史信息。对颜料痕迹层叠关系的分析,结合对现存碑刻题记的考察,及与寺内其他位置的彩画比较,可以确证,天王殿的外檐斗栱彩画保留了五个不同时期的绘制痕迹,分属乾隆之前、乾隆、嘉庆、光绪及光绪之后的五次营缮。其中,较早期的彩画使用黑—白—灰配色,较晚的两次使用青绿配色,末一次则为单色遍刷。各个时期的纹样、材料、工艺均表现出不同的时代特征,其颜料的使用状况对山西地方彩画研究具有相当参考价值。

Tianwang Hall at Zhenguo Temple in Pingyao county was originally built in the Ming dynasty but repeatedly renovated during the Ming and Qing.The polychrome decoration[caihua]of its eave bracket sets[dougong]retains superposed traces of a number of different historical periods from those renovations.This paper gives a wide range of interpretation of the existing historical information contained in the caihua,by using modern scientific detection methods such as cross-section microscopy analysis,polarized light microscopy analysis,and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)together with related historical pigment research and textual study of inscriptions on timber components and stone steles.Detailed analysis on the overlapping pigment traces will then show that the remaining polychrome decoration consists of five generations of painting belonging to five different periods,of which the patterns,materials,and crafts show local characteristics different from the official style of the Qing dynasty.