从年代记走向历史著述——日本宫殿、住宅史研究的现状与课题

本文对日本住宅史的研究历程及方法论的发展作了概述和分析。日本的住宅建筑研究首先针对14世纪以前的、没有实物遗存的住宅展开了复原性研究,这一研究在1960年左右基本完成,但是这个研究存在缺乏历史性观点的欠缺之处。太田博太郎的建筑史研究因为创立了以功能分化和空间为关键的方法论而得到世人的瞩目,笔者继承了太田的方法论,并从'社会秩序与空间'.'空间的存在方式'等角度开展了对日本住宅史的研究。

This paper explores how the field of Japanese domestic architectural history has developed and what methodologies were used.By the 1960 s,the chronological study of the Japanese house was almost finished;but early studies by Masaru Sekino(1909—2001),Seiroku Ohta(1911—2009)and Mtsugu Kawakami(1924—2012)focused on reconstructing lost architecture from before the 14 th century and were historically less reliable.Only afterwards,the relation between space and function was given a higher significance:Hirotaro Ohta(1912—2007)and Kiyoshi Hirai(1929—)identified the specialization of spatial function as the reason for the change of the Japanese house plan.Through analysis of the New Year Royal Banquet and its space,this paper demonstrates the close connection between architecture and the alteration in the social order that led to new rituals and new ritual space.The paper further classifies die Japanese house into two different types,either enclosed by walls("walled space")or by columns("colonnaded space"),and proposes that the open plan of the Japanese house was formed from by the colonnaded space.