Jin-dynasty Brick Tombs Made by Imitating Wood Structures and the Courtyard House System in China

山西地区曾发现多数金代砖墓。它们中不少墓室在立面上模仿地上木构建筑的立面形态而为死者营造了地下的永息之地。本文通过对墓室立面的分析而探讨了墓室立面上的仿木结构与地上住宅中的真木结构之间的关系。为此,文章选择一些案例分析了朝向、布置、形态等特点,并对仿木结构与真木结构之间的形式上的共同特点与做法上的不同特点也进行了阐述。另外,本文发现,除了立面之外,一些墓葬在墓室的平面上也模仿了地上住宅院落的格局,结果墓室的逼真性得到了提高,出现了一间墓室演绎一进住宅院落的较完整的形式。

Shanxi has many Jin dynasty tombs built from brick that imitate the facades of wooden buildings to create underground houses for the dead.This paper will examine the elevation of their burial chambers and compare the mimicry construction(fangmu jiegou)with the timber frame of dwelling houses found aboveground.Common features as well as differences between model and replica will be explained,especially with regard to orientation,layout,and form.The paper will also explore the ground plans of the burial chambers to show the final development in funerary architecture towards a new realisticness that is achieved through imitation of the scenery in an enclosed courtyard.