日本皇家宫殿能乐观演空间中西洋剧场概念的导入

The Introduction of Western Theater Concepts to Noh Space in the Japanese Imperial Palace

日本明治维新废除了幕府武士政权,德川将军的江户城也发生功能转换,变为从京都迁到江户(今东京)的天皇的宫殿(今皇居)。京都天皇宫殿(京都御所)中的观演空间是临时性的,根据宫殿大典礼仪的需要,在正殿紫宸殿的前庭搭建能舞台。本文旨在阐明天皇迁都到东京以后,在明治时代的社会及政治背景下,皇家宫殿的观演空间如何吸收西洋的剧场概念,从而形成继承传统的能舞台的建筑形式,又使以往的露天观演空间转化为西洋式的室内剧场的过程。

The Meiji government in Japan overthrew the Tokugawa bakufu and transferred the capital from Kyoto to Tokyo. Edo Castle, formerly the residence of the Tokugawa shogun in Tokyo,became the home of the Meiji Emperor, and the Meiji Imperial Palace was constructed on the site of the old Edo Castle. At the former ruling palace in Kyoto, only a temporary Noh stage had been built on ceremonial occasions in the courtyard in front of the the main hall(Shishinden). This paper examines how, in the social and political context of the Meiji era after the transfer of the capital to Tokyo, the performance space of Noh in the Meiji Imperial Palace absorbed concepts of Western theaters, especially the construction of permanent buildings, and also how the open-air performance space of Noh transformed into an interior space while still maintaining the traditional style of Noh stages.