从佛阿拉到沈阳城:北亚多文化体系下的清初都城空间结构

From Fo’ala to Shenyang: Multi-cultural Influences of North Asia on the Historical Urban Structure of Shenyang in the Early Qing Period

本文通过对满洲的都城佛阿拉、赫图阿拉、辽阳东京城的空间结构分析,总结了后金女真的都城空间构造原理。之后考察了盛京(沈阳)城中对满族建筑文化的继承以及在满蒙联盟体制下的藏传佛教建筑的建设赋予城市空间的新意义,并分析了因此带来的多体系文化影响的匠作人员以及建筑材料的来源及工匠组织的变迁。最后阐明17世纪中叶沈阳的都城空间是辽东地域木构建筑技术以及藏传佛教建筑艺术等多元文化的载体。

This paper examines the development of the multi-layered urban structure in Shenyang,the historical Manchu capital since the beginning of the seventeenth century that received influence from earlier urban centers( Fo’ala,Hetu’ala, Liaoyang) in Manchuria, central China, and Korea and from Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, the paper analyzes the groups of craftsman engaged in the ’Great Construction’ from 1625 to 1636 when Shenyang was a cultural melting pot of Manchu, Mongol,Han Chinese, Korean, and Tibetan peoples. Located on the frontier(fanbu) of the Qing empire, Shenyang developed through different historical mechanisms than the cities in central China, and it is thus necessary to establish a distinct category of Qing frontier cities within traditional Chinese urban planning.