意识问题的非还原路径探析

Non-reductive path of consciousness

当代心灵哲学中的意识问题在延续物理主义还原论以外,还出现了自然主义的非还原性。查莫斯认为意识是一种自然现象,具有不同于物理事实的独立存在地位,对此他提出了自然主义二元论的猜想,并试图以这种理论解决意识的"困难"问题。与查默斯相比,塞尔也主张意识不可以被还原的解释,通过比较他和查默斯的两种意识理论,为我们客观地看待意识问题提供了有益启示。

Besides the reductionism of physicalism,there is the non-reductionism of naturalism on consciousness in the contemporary philosophy of mind.Chalmers holds that consciousness is an independent natural phenomenon,which is different from physical reality.He proposes the dualism of naturalism and tries to connect the gap between consciousness and the physical world.Searle also believes that consciousness cannot be reinterpreted.Comparing Searle and Chalmers’theories of consciousness can provide beneficial implications for us to understand the issue of consciousness.