论古籍医词训诂的对象与任务

Object and task of exegetical studies on medical words in ancient books

古代医籍的语词和非医典籍的医学语词合称为医词。医词保存在医籍和多种非医学典籍之中。汉代医学经典著作的医词在构词材料、构词方式、历时袭用等方面对后世有着重要的奠基和示范作用。非医典籍保存医词最多的是历代辞书。医词是中医训诂工作的基本对象。以往的医词训诂材料主要保存在医籍正文自为解说、古籍注释、辞书释义中。不同的训诂形式各有长短。简帛典籍中的医词和佛经音义中的医词训解值得重视。当前医词训诂的工作在医籍注释、辞书编纂、语词考证等方面还存在较多的空白和粗疏之处。医词训诂的任务包括医词的语用态意义和贮存态意义的研究、医药性状修饰语和重言词的研究、医药名物词的研究、中外文翻译过程中医词意义变化的研究、医学和非医学辞书的编纂和释义研究、医籍训诂史研究等。这些研究对训诂学、词汇学以及中医药术语学都有重要的意义。

The words in ancient medical books and medical terms in non-medical books are together named as medical words.Medical words are mainly stored in ancient medical books and ancient non-medical books.The medical words in classic medical books of the Han Dynasty have important foundation and demonstration effects on the later generations in terms of word-formation materials,word formation ways and diachronic uses.Dictionaries,as non-medical books,in all ages have preserved the maximum medical words.Medical words are basic objects of exegesis of Chinese medicine.The exegesis materials of medical words in the past are mainly kept in the main body of medical books as explanations,annotations of ancient books and dictionary interpretations.Different exegesis ways have their own advantages and disadvantages.The medical words in bamboo slips,silk books and sounds and meanings of Buddhist sutras are also worthy of attention.There are still many gaps and inaccuracies in medical lexical exegesis,including annotation of medical books,compilation of dictionaries and textual research of words and phrases.The tasks of medical lexical exegesis include study on pragmatic and stored meanings of medical words,study on modifiers and emphases of medical characters,study on medical nomenclatures,study on meaning changes of Chinese medical words in the process of translation,study on compilation and interpretation of medical and non-medical dictionaries,and study on history of medical book exegesis.All these studies are very important to exegesis,lexicology and terminology of Chinese medicine.E-mail:lionw@vip.sina.com.