禅宗文化影响下的雪窦山寺庙园林艺术特征

The Artistic Characteristics of the Temple Garden of Mount Xuedou under the Influence of Zen Culture

雪窦山曾是浙东禅宗文化的交流中心,宗教活动的发展推动了寺庙园林的营建。在这个过程中,园林建设者的艺术水平与审美追求都深受禅宗文化的影响。以现有文献为基础,从总体布局、基址选择、环境营造、香道布设四个方面分析雪窦山寺庙园林艺术特征。发现寺庙园林在系统布局上实现了山寺圆融,形成寺在山中,山即寺景的景观面貌;基址选择上依山取势,追求理想的山水环境;环境营造中把禅意融入大自然环境中,发人深思,充分体现了禅宗的自然观和生态观;香道布设中则因借地势凸显平夷与险奇的对比,形成旷奥兼备的空间。

Mount Xuedou used to be the exchange center of Zen culture in eastern Zhejiang. The development of religious activities promoted the construction of temple garden. In this process, the artistic level and aesthetic pursuit of garden builders are deeply influenced by Zen culture. Based on the existing literature, this paper analyzes the art characteristics of the temple garden of Mount Xuedou from four aspects: overall layout, base selection, environment creation and road layout. It is found that it realizes the harmony between the mountain environment and the temple in the system layout. The base site selection is in line with the mountain potential, and pursue the ideal landscape environment. The environment construction is deeply influenced by the conception of nature and ecology of Zen culture, focusing on the creation of Zen garden. The road layout shows the contrast of flat and steep of the terrain, forming diverse space.