新条件下知识产权面临的挑战

The Challenges Intellectual Property Face under New Conditions

知识产权制度是科技、经济和法律结合的产物,它以解决"知识"作为资源的归属问题的方式,构建了一种激励与调节的利益机制,催生了大批的发明家、企业家,从而启动了工业革命,创造了经济快速增长的奇迹。但知识经济的兴起和发展,使社会的经济结构和经济增长方式发生了根本变化,与经济具有密切关系的知识产权也在这一新条件下遇到了许多与工业经济时代完全不同的挑战:知识产权新型客体的增多与权利范围的扩大引发制度理念冲突;知识产权保护难度的加大与实施方式的变革使知识产权的特定制度安排面临两难选择;知识产权的扩张与强化使其固有的利益平衡机制遭受质疑;对知识产权"私权属性"与"合法垄断"的质疑引发知识产权领域的反垄断问题。

As a result of the combination of technology, economy and law, intellectual property system creates an interest distribute mechanism according to incentive and adjustment by treating knowledge as a problem of classification of resource, which helps to breed a number of inventors and entrepreneurs, starts the Industrial Revolution and creates the miracle of rapid economic growth. However, the rise and development of knowledge economy caused fundamental changes to economic structure and economic growth mode; intellectual property system which based on certain economic conditions encounters different challenges from those of traditional economy. The new challenges are as follows: firstly, the appearance of new right objects and the expansion of rights scope lead to conflicts of system and ideas; secondly, increasing protection difficulties transforming executive modes of intellectual property rights result in institutional arrangement difficulties; thirdly, the enlargement and enhancement of intellectual property raise questions about its original interest balancing mechanism; finally, the conflict between its private right attribute and its legitimate monopoly power introduces anti-monopoly issues in the field of intellectual property.