生态有机肥对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effect of ecological organic fertilizer on tomato bacterial wilt and soil microbial diversities.

采用田间小区试验和FAMEs分析研究了不同用量生态有机肥对番茄青枯病的抑制效果和土壤微生物的影响 .结果表明 ,连作地番茄青枯病发生率为 10 0 % ,施生态有机肥显著地降低了连作地番茄青枯病的发生 .用量为 1kg·m-2 和 0 .5kg·m-2 时 ,番茄青枯病发生率分别为 39%和 5 0 % ,两种施肥量间差异不显著 .施生态有机肥后土壤微生物群落脂肪酸指纹发生明显改变 ,革兰氏阴性菌生物标记物cyc17∶0的含量增加 ,真菌生物标记物c18∶2w6的含量增加 ,作为AM菌根的生物标记物c16∶111c呈上升趋势 .聚类分析表明 ,对照和施生态有机肥处理土壤微生物脂肪酸指纹之间的最短距离是 1.0 8,不同施用量处理之间的最短距离是 0 .70 .施用生态有机肥能调控土壤微生物群落结构 ,促进有益微生物的生长 ,增强土壤生态系统的稳定性和抑病性 。

The effects of ecological organic fertilizer (EOF) on tomato bacterial wilt and soil microbial community were studied through field trial and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis. The results showed that the incidence rate of tomato bacterial wilt was 100% in continuous cropped soil, and significantly reduced to 39% and 50% when applying EOF at 1.0 kg·m -2 and 0.5 kg·m -2 , respectively. There was no significant difference between two fertilization treatments. The fatty acid fingerprints of soil microbial community were greatly changed, and the relative contents of cyc17:0 cited as biomarker for GN bacteria, c18:2 w6 as biomarker for fungi and c16:1 11c as biomarker for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi all increased when applying EOF. The minimum distance of cluster analysis was 1.08 between control and treatments of applying ecological organic fertilizer, and 0.70 between different fertilization treatments. Applying EOF could adjust soil microbial community structure, benefit for soil beneficial microbes, and develop stability and disease suppression of soil ecological system, and hence, improve soil quality.