道路生态研究进展

A review on road ecology.

道路广泛分布在各种景观中 ,其密度和交通量都不断增加 ,随之带来多方面的生态影响 :道路建设导致动植物死亡和生境丧失、物理化学环境变化、路旁植被改变 .对动物种群产生的生态影响包括道路致死、道路回避和巢区转移、移动格局改变、障碍作用导致生境和种群的破碎化 .道路还强烈地改变景观格局和过程 .道路生态影响的定量化测度指数包括道路密度、道路位置和道路影响域 ,道路生态研究在道路规划和野生动物保护中有很广阔的应用前景 ,成为生态学的一个重要领域 .

Roads are a widespread and increasing feature of most landscapes, and have great ecological effects,e.g., increased mortality of animals and plants and habitat loss from road construction, alteration of the physical and chemical environment, and changes in roadsides vegetation.The great impact on animal population includes roadkills, limiting population, road avoidance causing home arrange shift, modification of movement pattern and barrier effect subdividing habitat and populations. Roads alter landscape spatial pattern and interrupt horizontal ecological flows strongly. These impacts can be assayed by indices of road density, road effect zone and road location. Furthermore, important applications of road ecology to planning, conservation and management are essential and potential. Road ecology presents us a surprising frontier of ecology.