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实时压裂井倾斜裂缝测绘技术 被引量:3

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摘要 近年来直接压裂裂缝测绘技术的显著进步使我们对压裂裂缝究竟如何发育的认识发生了深刻变化。新型裂缝测绘技术使我们能够经常直接测量以前只能模拟或假设的裂缝发育。然而 ,这些直接压裂裂缝测绘新技术 (裂缝倾斜测绘技术和微地震裂缝成像技术 )也存在局限性 ,其最大缺点是需要在附近邻井放置仪器。很多情况下 ,尤其对于海上油田 ,常常没有一种切实可行的办法将邻井作为观测井。压裂井倾斜裂缝测绘技术利用压裂井 (注入井 )本身作为“观测井”。其目的很简单 ,就是为了扩大直接裂缝绘图技术的适用范围。这项技术的原理比较简单 :如果裂缝引起的形变能在几千英尺远的地面或邻井中观测到 ,那么 ,理所当然地在压裂井内更能观测到。利用4~ 2 0个倾斜仪组成的阵列测量不同时间、不同深度压裂裂缝引起的倾斜 ,能够可靠地对裂缝高度和宽度进行实时测绘。然后根据观测到的裂缝高度和宽度以及推断的压裂液效率“模拟”出裂缝长度。作业井倾斜测量值还可提供机械裂缝闭合的直接测量值 ,有助于在其他因素中估计地层的闭合应力等。作业井裂缝测绘技术有其自身的缺点和困难。其一就是要在高速液流中测量细微的井筒移动 ,这个问题已经解决。现场数据显示 。
出处 《国外油田工程》 2003年第2期19-23,共5页 Foreign Oilfield Engineering
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  • 1Wright, C .A. , Weijers, L., Davis, E. J., Mayerhofer, M.: "Understanding hydraulic fracture growth:tricky but not hopeless,"SPE paper 56724 presented at the 1999 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Oct. 3 - 6.
  • 2Wright, C. A., Cipolla, C. C.: "Diagnostic technigues to understand hydraulic fracturing: what? why? and how?," SPE paper 59735 presented at the 2000 SPE/CERI Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta Canada, 3 - 5 April.
  • 3Warpinski, N. R., Branagan, P. T., Peterson, R. E., Wolhart,S .L., and Uhl, J. E. :" Mapping hydraulic fracture growth and geometry using microseismic events detected by a wireline retrievable accelerometer array" paper SPE 40014 presented at the 1998 Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,March 15 - 18.
  • 4Wright, C. A., Davis, E. J., Minner, W. A., Ward, J. F., Weijer, L., Schell, E. J., and Hunter, S. P.: "Surface tiltmeter fracture mapping reaches new depths - 10000 feet, and beyond?,"SPE paper 39919, presented at the 1998 SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Conference, Denver, April, 5 - 8.
  • 5Wright, C. A., Davis, E. J., Weijers, L., Golich, G. M., Ward,J. F., Demetrius, S. L., and Minner, W. A.: "Downhole tiltmeter fracture mapping: a new tool for directly measuring hydraulic fracture dimensions," SPE paper 49193, presented at the 1998 SPE Annual Technical Conference, New Orleans,Sept. 27 - 30.
  • 6Davis, P. M. :" Surface deformation associated with a dipping hydrofracture, "Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 88, No.B7, ( 1983), p. 5826 - 5834.
  • 7GRI Report 99/0246:"Effect of layered formations on tiltmeter hydraulic fracture mapping," Gas Technology Institute Technical Report, November 1999.
  • 8Wright, C. A.: "Tiltmeter fracture mapping: form the surface and now downhole," Hart' s Petroleum Engineer International (January 1998).

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