《一层楼》和《泣红亭》中尹湛纳希的教育观

Educational Ideas in One-storeyed Building and The Beauty Weeping Palace by Yinzhannaxi

清朝法律禁止蒙古人学汉语、参加科举考试 ,对清朝这种不平等的教育制度 ,尹湛纳希进行了尖锐的批判。私塾语文教育分“文理”和“文艺” ,并有圣贤、文章、功业、理学等内容 ,各有遵从的典范。知冷热 ,识世道 ,是教育的另一重要内容。尹湛纳希认为教育的宗旨是传道于圣 ,教化于民。他意识到教育在治国安邦、振兴民族中的作用 ,主张发展教育使民族觉醒并使之走向文明、平等、发展的道路。这说明尹湛纳希通过私塾教育 ,不仅学到汉文及儒学哲理 ,而且把它应用到唤醒民众、教育后代的实践当中去了。尹湛纳希提倡女性教育和反抗精神 ,学习儒教思想而又提倡反叛封建礼教 ,这是尹湛纳希在创作上处理得最巧妙的地方 。

In the Qing Dynasty, Mongolians were forbidden by law to learn Chinese and take part in imperial examinations. Yinzhannaxi sharply criticized the inequality in educational system of the Qing Dynasty. In old style private schools, the Chinese teaching covered basic ethics, writing skills and literature including articles of sages, feats and Confucian philosophy, each with its classic models to follow. Another important component in education was aware of the reality in society. In Yinzhannaxi's opinion, the main theme of education was to pass on the doctrines of sages to those of the following generations and to cultivate intellectuals from people. He was aware of the role of education in administrating state affairs, ensuring national security and revitalizing nation. He maintained that education be promoted to awaken people and guide them in the direction of civilization, equality and development. All this shows he not only mastered Chinese and Confucian philosophy through old style private school education, but put them into practice to awaken people and educate young generations. He advocated female education, rebellious spirit against feudal morality and Confucianism, which are ingeniously reflected in his works and indicate his excellent mastery of Confucian culture. [