橡胶树人工多倍体染色倍性研究

Studies on Chromosomal Ploidy of Somatic Polyploids of Hevea brasiliensis

以经秋水仙素诱导成功的海垦2和PR107品系16 a树龄的橡胶树人工多倍体无性系(处理)和其亲本二倍体(对照)植株为材料,分析多倍体橡胶树细胞染色体倍性的组成情况和纯合程度,并分析比较多倍体与二倍体之间及其树间和部位间细胞染色体倍性组成的差异情况。结果表明:①这2个品系的多倍体植株系由多种染色体倍性的细胞嵌合在一起构成,且以多倍细胞为主;在植株之间或部位间,这些不同倍性细胞的比例结构或嵌合程度差异很大;经过16a的生长,这些橡胶树多倍体的三倍细胞比例明显增加,而相应的四倍细胞比例大幅度下降,四倍细胞有逐渐向三倍细胞转化的趋势。②对照的2个品系的亲本二倍体各植株以及植株内的各部位的细胞,基本上是二倍体,细胞染色体倍性较纯合,植株间和部位间各种染色体倍性细胞比例差异均不显著。

Chromosomal ploidies of somatic polyploidy clones Haiken -2and PR107(Hevea brasiliensis)induced with colchicine16years ago have been studied with their diploidy parents as control.Results showed that these polyploidy clones were composed of numeral sorts of chromosomal ploidy cells with polyploidy cells being dominant.Between polyploidy trees or parts of the same tree,the proportions or mosaic degrees of various ploidy cells are evidently different.After16years of growth,the triploidy cells in rubber polyploids have been increasing evidently while tetraploidy ones decreased drastically.It seems that the tetraploidy cells tend to be transformed to the triploidy.The cells between parent trees or part of the same parent tree are mostly of chromosomal diploidy and not obviously different in chromosomal ploidies.